HISET Social Studies Practice

Which dynasty is recognized for establishing a centralized government in early China?

1. Shang Dynasty

2. Zhou Dynasty

3. Qin Dynasty

4. Xia Dynasty

The correct answer is: Qin Dynasty

The Qin Dynasty is recognized for establishing a centralized government in early China primarily due to its significant reforms and strong leadership under Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China. The Qin Dynasty, which lasted from 221 to 206 BCE, unified various warring states and implemented a system of centralized bureaucracy. This marked a departure from the decentralized feudal system that had existed previously, especially during the Zhou Dynasty. Under the Qin, standardization efforts were pivotal, including uniformity in weights and measures, currency, and even writing systems, which facilitated trade and communication across the newly unified state. The Emperor also initiated massive infrastructure projects, including the early construction of the Great Wall and a network of roads, to enhance control and promote connectivity among different regions. The decision to construct legalist principles into governance helped to consolidate power and reduce the autonomy of local lords, which was a hallmark of the Qin approach to governance. Through these centralizing efforts, the Qin Dynasty set the foundation for a more cohesive and unified imperial system that would influence subsequent dynasties in China.