HISET Social Studies Practice

What was a major feature of the Qin Dynasty?

1. Promotion of democratic values

2. Expansion of trade networks

3. Legalism as the guiding philosophy

4. Focus on agricultural development

The correct answer is: Legalism as the guiding philosophy

The Qin Dynasty, which lasted from 221 to 206 BCE, is characterized by its implementation of Legalism as the guiding philosophy of governance. Legalism emphasized strict adherence to laws, centralized control, and the belief that people are inherently selfish and need to be controlled through a system of rewards and punishments. Under the rule of Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, this philosophy led to significant reforms, including the standardization of weights and measures, currency, and even writing systems to unify the diverse states following the Warring States period. Additionally, Legalism justified the dynasty's authoritarian rule, leading to significant state control over various aspects of life, including agriculture, economy, and intellectual pursuits. Intellectual conformity was enforced through the burning of books and the execution of scholars who opposed the regime, further illustrating the authoritarian nature of the Qin Dynasty driven by Legalist principles. While the other options mention aspects that could be related to different dynasties or periods in Chinese history, the essence of the Qin Dynasty's governance and societal structure distinctly revolves around Legalism. This philosophical approach heavily influenced the administration and policies of the dynasty, making it a defining feature.