HISET Social Studies Practice

What characterizes the Early Dynastic Period in Sumerian history?

1. The peak of Egyptian pyramid construction

2. The rise of independent Sumerian city-states

3. A dramatic decline in agricultural practices

4. The beginning of trade routes with Europe

The correct answer is: The rise of independent Sumerian city-states

The Early Dynastic Period in Sumerian history is characterized by the rise of independent Sumerian city-states. During this time, which began around 2900 BCE, various cities in southern Mesopotamia, such as Uruk, Ur, and Eridu, developed their own governments, cultures, and systems of administration. Each city-state operated independently, often engaging in competition and conflict with one another while also fostering unique developments in art, architecture, and writing, particularly the cuneiform script. This period marked a significant evolution in social organization, as centralized authority and urbanization became hallmarks of Sumerian civilization. The emergence of city-states allowed for more complex societal structures and greater levels of trade and cultural exchange among these communities. The growth of these city-states is notable because it laid the foundation for future political and cultural developments in Mesopotamia. Furthermore, while the options related to Egyptian pyramid construction or trade routes with Europe reference significant developments, they do not pertain to Sumerian history specifically. Additionally, the notion of a decline in agricultural practices runs counter to the realities of the Early Dynastic Period, where agriculture flourished and supported the growing populations of these city-states.