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The significant outcome of the Lewis and Clark expedition was the enhanced understanding and mapping of the western territories. This expedition, led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark from 1804 to 1806, was commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson with the goal of exploring and mapping the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase territory. As they traveled westward, Lewis and Clark documented new plant and animal species, established relationships with Native American tribes, and mapped the uncharted territory, providing valuable information about the western lands of the United States. This information was crucial for future settlers, traders, and policymakers as they looked to expand and develop the nation.

The other options are incorrect:

A. The completion of the U.S. Constitution occurred in 1787, several years before the Lewis and Clark expedition.

C. The beginnings of the transcontinental railroad did not occur until the mid-19th century, well after the Lewis and Clark expedition.

D. The establishment of military forts in the West was a result of other factors such as westward expansion and conflicts with Native American tribes, not directly related to the Lewis and Clark expedition.